稱重(zhong)傳(chuan)感(gan)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)實(shi)際上(shang)(shang)是(shi)一種(zhong)將質量信號轉(zhuan)變(bian)為可測量的(de)電信號輸出(chu)的(de)裝(zhuang)置。用傳(chuan)感(gan)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)應先要考慮傳(chuan)感(gan)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)所(suo)處的(de)實(shi)際工作(zuo)(zuo)環(huan)境，這點對正確選用稱重(zhong)傳(chuan)感(gan)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)至(zhi)關重(zhong)要，它關系到傳(chuan)感(gan)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)能否正常(chang)工作(zuo)(zuo)以(yi)及它的(de)安全(quan)和使用壽命，乃至(zhi)整個衡器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)可靠性(xing)(xing)和安全(quan)性(xing)(xing)。在稱重(zhong)傳(chuan)感(gan)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)主要技術指標的(de)基本(ben)概念和評(ping)價(jia)方法上(shang)(shang)，新舊國標有質的(de)差異。主要有S型(xing)、懸臂型(xing)、輪輻式(shi)、板環(huan)式(shi)、膜(mo)盒式(shi)、橋式(shi)、柱(zhu)筒式(shi)等(deng)幾種(zhong)樣式(shi)。稱重(zhong)傳(chuan)感(gan)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)性(xing)(xing)能的(de)好(hao)壞很大程度(du)上(shang)(shang)取(qu)決于制造材(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)的(de)選擇(ze)。稱重(zhong)傳(chuan)感(gan)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)材(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)包括以(yi)下幾個部分：應變(bian)片材(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)、彈(dan)性(xing)(xing)體(ti)材(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)[4]、貼片黏合劑(ji)材(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)、密封膠材(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)、引線密封材(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)和引線材(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)。

  一(yi)般情況(kuang)下，高溫環境(jing)對(dui)傳(chuan)(chuan)感器造成涂覆材料融化、焊點(dian)開化、彈(dan)性體(ti)內應(ying)力發生結構(gou)變化等問(wen)題(ti)；粉塵、潮濕對(dui)傳(chuan)(chuan)感器造成短路(lu)的(de)影響；在腐蝕(shi)性較高的(de)環境(jing)下會造成傳(chuan)(chuan)感器彈(dan)性體(ti)受(shou)損或(huo)產生短路(lu)現象；電磁場對(dui)傳(chuan)(chuan)感器輸(shu)出會產生干擾。相應(ying)的(de)環境(jing)因素下我們必須選(xuan)擇對(dui)應(ying)的(de)稱重(zhong)傳(chuan)(chuan)感器才能滿足必要(yao)的(de)稱重(zhong)要(yao)求(qiu)。

  應用(yong)領(ling)域很廣，比如鋁合(he)金(jin)懸臂梁傳(chuan)感(gan)器(qi)適(shi)合(he)于(yu)電(dian)子計價秤(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)、平臺秤(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)、案秤(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)等(deng)；鋼式懸臂梁傳(chuan)感(gan)器(qi)適(shi)用(yong)于(yu)電(dian)子皮帶秤(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)、分選秤(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)等(deng)；鋼質(zhi)橋式傳(chuan)感(gan)器(qi)適(shi)用(yong)于(yu)軌(gui)道衡(heng)(heng)、汽(qi)車衡(heng)(heng)等(deng)；柱式傳(chuan)感(gan)器(qi)適(shi)用(yong)于(yu)汽(qi)車衡(heng)(heng)、動(dong)態軌(gui)道衡(heng)(heng)、大噸位(wei)料(liao)斗秤(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)等(deng)。稱(cheng)重(zhong)傳(chuan)感(gan)器(qi)主要應用(yong)在各種電(dian)子衡(heng)(heng)器(qi)、工(gong)業控制領(ling)域、在線控制、安全過載報警、材料(liao)試驗機(ji)等(deng)領(ling)域。如電(dian)子汽(qi)車衡(heng)(heng)、電(dian)子臺秤(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)、電(dian)子叉車、動(dong)態軸(zhou)重(zhong)秤(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)、電(dian)子吊鉤秤(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)、電(dian)子計價秤(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)、電(dian)子鋼材秤(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)、電(dian)子軌(gui)道衡(heng)(heng)、料(liao)斗秤(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)、配料(liao)秤(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)、罐裝秤(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)等(deng)。

  主要構成：

  敏感元件

  直接感(gan)受被(bei)(bei)測(ce)(ce)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang))并(bing)輸出(chu)與被(bei)(bei)測(ce)(ce)量(liang)(liang)(liang)有確定關系的其他量(liang)(liang)(liang)的元件。如電(dian)阻應變式稱重(zhong)傳(chuan)感(gan)器的彈(dan)性體，是(shi)將(jiang)(jiang)被(bei)(bei)測(ce)(ce)物體的質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)轉變為形(xing)變;電(dian)容式稱重(zhong)傳(chuan)感(gan)器的彈(dan)性體將(jiang)(jiang)被(bei)(bei)測(ce)(ce)的質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)轉變為位移。

  變換元件

  又稱(cheng)傳(chuan)感(gan)(gan)元件(jian)，是(shi)將(jiang)敏(min)感(gan)(gan)元件(jian)的(de)(de)輸(shu)出轉變(bian)(bian)(bian)為(wei)便于測(ce)量的(de)(de)信號。如電(dian)阻(zu)應變(bian)(bian)(bian)式稱(cheng)重(zhong)傳(chuan)感(gan)(gan)器的(de)(de)電(dian)阻(zu)應變(bian)(bian)(bian)計(ji)(或稱(cheng)電(dian)阻(zu)應變(bian)(bian)(bian)片)，將(jiang)彈性體的(de)(de)形變(bian)(bian)(bian)轉換為(wei)電(dian)阻(zu)量的(de)(de)變(bian)(bian)(bian)化;電(dian)容(rong)(rong)式稱(cheng)重(zhong)傳(chuan)感(gan)(gan)器的(de)(de)電(dian)容(rong)(rong)器，將(jiang)彈性體的(de)(de)位移(yi)轉變(bian)(bian)(bian)為(wei)電(dian)容(rong)(rong)量的(de)(de)變(bian)(bian)(bian)化。有時(shi)某(mou)些元件(jian)兼有敏(min)感(gan)(gan)元件(jian)和變(bian)(bian)(bian)換元件(jian)兩(liang)者的(de)(de)職(zhi)能。如電(dian)壓式稱(cheng)重(zhong)傳(chuan)感(gan)(gan)器的(de)(de)壓電(dian)材料，在外載(zai)荷(he)的(de)(de)作用下，在發生變(bian)(bian)(bian)形的(de)(de)同時(shi)輸(shu)出電(dian)量。

  測量(liang)元件

  將變(bian)(bian)(bian)換(huan)元件的輸(shu)出變(bian)(bian)(bian)換(huan)為電(dian)(dian)信號，為進一步傳(chuan)輸(shu)、處(chu)理、顯示、記(ji)錄(lu)或控制提供(gong)方便。如電(dian)(dian)阻應變(bian)(bian)(bian)式稱重傳(chuan)感(gan)器(qi)中(zhong)的電(dian)(dian)橋電(dian)(dian)路，壓電(dian)(dian)式稱重傳(chuan)感(gan)器(qi)的電(dian)(dian)荷前置放大器(qi)。

  輔助電源

  為傳(chuan)感器的(de)(de)電(dian)信號輸出提供能量(liang)。一(yi)般稱重(zhong)傳(chuan)感器均需外鏈(lian)電(dian)源才能工作。因此(ci)，作為一(yi)個產品必須標明供電(dian)的(de)(de)要求，但不作為稱重(zhong)傳(chuan)感器的(de)(de)組成部分。有(you)些傳(chuan)感器，如磁電(dian)式速度傳(chuan)感器，由于他輸出的(de)(de)能量(liang)較(jiao)大，故不需要輔助(zhu)電(dian)源也能正(zheng)常(chang)工作。所(suo)以并非所(suo)有(you)傳(chuan)感器都(dou)要有(you)輔助(zhu)電(dian)源。